作者/Author(s): Jonathan Dorsey, Kelly A. Grieco, and Jennifer Kavanagh 

網站來源/Source: War on the Rocks 

日期/Date: 03/21/2024 

關鍵字/Keywords: 國防、地雷戰

摘要：

水雷可能是台灣對抗中國最有效的拒止武器之一。台灣可以利用地理優勢部署海雷，與其他防禦平台一起延遲、干擾和削弱中國軍隊。雖然水雷在對抗中國灰色地帶威脅時不太實用，但台灣仍應投資水雷及相關能力，加強防禦。 

  • 台灣的嚇阻旨在防止中國迅速取得決定性勝利。中國軍隊的數量遠大於台灣，因此台灣應採用「以小博大」的不對稱方法來對抗中國侵略。
  • 台灣使用海軍水雷有兩大優勢：  
  1. 它只需要足夠的制海權就能阻止中國取得勝利，而且設置地點更靠近台灣領土。 
  2. 台灣適合兩棲登陸的海灘有限，西部海域水淺，台灣可以將水雷集中部署於幾個地點。 
  • 台灣的海上拒止： ​​​​​​​
  1. 海軍水雷可以延遲解放軍抵達台灣海岸的時間，為台灣爭取更多時間組織反抗能力，並將中國的注意力轉移到掃雷任務上。台灣應根據海域深度和海岸距離部署水雷，讓中國的掃雷作戰變得更困難。 
  2. 兩棲登陸作戰相當費力，若台灣想要干擾中國的軍事計畫，水雷與地雷戰是相對具有效益的作法。水雷將阻止中國突然的襲擊，干擾軍隊前進，甚至阻止整個作戰。 
  3. 水雷可以削弱中國的作戰能力，打擊入侵部隊心理。台灣軍段可以戰略性布設水雷，將敵方部隊引入殺傷區，更輕鬆地擊退解放軍。 
  • 然而，台灣仍然必須加強不對稱作戰能力，特別投資水雷和布雷艇。 ​​​​​​​
  1. 台灣應該儲備各種海雷，採購廉價且易於生產或尖端的無人海雷，同時升級其布雷艇。
  2. 台灣也必須訓練其部隊，在短時間內有效地布置大量不同種類的海雷。 
Summary: 
Naval mines may be the most effective denial weapons for Taiwan in its defense against China. Taiwan can leverage its geographical advantages and deploy naval mines to delay, disrupt, and deteriorate Chinese forces alongside other defense platforms. Although sea mines are less practical against Chinese gray zone coercion, Taiwan should invest in them and related capabilities to strengthen its defenses. 
  • Taiwan's deterrence aims to prevent China from achieving a swift and decisive victory. Since China enjoys numerical superiority over Taiwan's military, Taiwan should employ an asymmetric approach focusing on "a large number of small things" to counter Chinese aggression. 
  • Taiwan has two key advantages for using naval mines: ​​​​​​​
  1. It only needs sufficient sea control to deny China a victory and is fighting closer to its territory. 
  2. Taiwan has limited beaches suitable for amphibious landing, and the Western part of its waters are shallow. Therefore, Taiwan could concentrate its mining operations in a few locations. ​​​​​​​
  • Taiwan's sea denial: ​​​​​​​
  1. Naval mines would delay the arrival of the PLA on its shores, giving time for Taiwan's defense forces to organize and forcing China to divert attention in minesweeping. Taiwan should deploy mines according to the sea depth and distance from the shore to make Chinese minesweeping operations difficult. 
  2. Mine warfare provides Taiwan with more cost efficient way to disrupt Chinese military plans, especially when amphibious landing operations are laborious. Naval mines would deny China the element of surpirse, stop the advancing forces, and even stop the whole operation.
  3. Naval mines can degrade China's physical capabilties and inflict psychological trauma to the invading forces. Strategically placed mines could lead troops into a kill zone where Taiwanese forces can attrit the invaders easily. 
  • However, Taiwan still must invest more in its asymmetric capabilities, especially in naval mines and minelayers. ​​​​​​​
  1. Taiwan should stockpile on various sea mines, procure cheap and easily produced mines, and advanced unmanned mines. Taiwan also must upgrade its minelayers. 
  2. Taiwan also must train its toops to effectively lay large and diverse array of mines in a short time. 
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