作者/Author(s): Michael E. Clark 

網站來源/Source: War on the Rocks 

日期/Date: 04/25/2024 

關鍵字/Keywords: 灰色地帶、非正規作戰 


摘要：
一些專家認為，美國政府應更加積極地打擊中國的非法捕魚行為。除了讓美國海岸警衛隊承擔更多的執法責任外，美國也需要正視阻礙其他國家政府維護本國水域治安的系統性因素。 
  • 非法、未報告和未受監管的捕魚行為會過度耗盡當地的漁業資源，甚至導致糧食安全和社會經濟問題。中國政府鼓勵從事非法捕魚的遠洋捕魚船隊。
  • 政府內部腐敗削弱了海上執法，負責監管漁業法律的官員薪資微薄導致賄賂風氣盛行。 
  • 外國政府容易受到中國的經濟施壓，甚至強迫政府對中國船隻進行最低程度的執法，迫使他們在起訴中國船隻或接受中國援助之間做出選擇。
  • 如果外國政府面臨持續的腐敗和中國的經濟脅迫，它們就無法自給自足。他們需要穩定可靠的內部收入來源來支付執法行動。各國政府也需要激勵海事執法人員的積極性，提高工作績效。美國也應該要繼續協助培訓各國的海上執法人員，在他們能夠建立自己的本土防衛力量前盡力協助他們。 
  • 美國要把中國的非法捕魚行為視為安全問題，並鼓勵合作國家的海巡部門對其水域進行有效巡邏。美國國務院和美國國際開發總署可以協助合作國家減少內部腐敗、打擊中國的脅迫行為並加強執法能力。 
 
Summary: 
Some experts argued the US government should be more aggressive in confronting Chinese illegal fishing practices. Apart from allowing the US Coast Guard to take up more enforcement responsibility, the US should confront other systemic factors that forbid other governments from policing their waters. 
  • Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing practices deplete local fishing stocks and may cause food security and socioeconomic problems. The Chinese government encourages distant-water fishing fleets that engage in illegal fishing. 
  • Corruption undermines maritime enforcement. Officials regulating the fishing legislation may take bribes as alternative income sources because their salaries are meager and they were paid sporadically. 
  • Foreign governments are prone to Chinese economic statecraft. China could coerce governments to minimize enforcement against Chinese vessels, forcing them to choose between prosecuting Chinese ships or receiving Chinese aid. 
  • Foreign governments cannot self-suffice if they face continuous corruption and Chinese economic coercion. They need a stable and reliable internal source of income to pay for enforcement operations. The governments should also incentivize and motivate maritime enforcement officers to enhance their performances. The US should also continue to train foreign maritime enforcement officers and assist them until they can produce their indigenous force. 
  • Apart from framing Chinese illegal fishing as a security issue, the US should encourage partner officials to patrol their waters effectively. The Department of State and USAID could assist partners in reducing corruption, countering Chinese coercion, and strengthening enforcement capabilities. 
 
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