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War on the Rocks: 烏克蘭顯示台灣為何需要更多的防空手段 

作者/Author(s): Harry Halem and Eyck Freymann 

原文來源Source: War on the Rocks (Texas National Security Review) 

日期/Date: 04/07/2022 

主題/Key Topics: Defense 

 

摘要:

國防專家一致認為，烏克蘭採用的不對稱防禦戰略成功地阻礙了俄羅斯的前進，台灣可以使用類似的戰略來阻止中國的入侵，特別是防空領域。 

 

烏克蘭空防部隊的成功之處：

  • 烏克蘭以低成本方式抵擋住俄羅斯的空中優勢，打亂其戰爭計劃，以低成本消耗其彈藥、裝備和步兵。 
  • 儘管烏克蘭的防空系統已經過時，數量有限，而且必須依靠西方的可攜式防空飛彈（如：毒刺防空飛彈）來阻礙俄羅斯的空襲和支持，但它成功地爭取到了足夠的時間，讓西方國家做出協調的反應，制裁俄羅斯並支持烏克蘭。 

台灣可以學習的地方： 

  • 解放軍的空軍和火箭軍的理論與俄羅斯不同，其重點是控制空域和轟炸戰略。儘管台灣在地理上處於劣勢，但可以根據地理和敵人的特點修改烏克蘭的行動方式，而這意味著台灣需要一個更有彈性和地理上分散的防空網絡。 
  • 台灣目前擁有美國愛國者和本土天弓防空系統，但有些系統質量較差且受到中國問題的妥協。 
  • 中國在戰鬥機和導彈方面的數量超過台灣，剝奪了台灣的空中優勢，並且可以輕鬆地進行兩棲攻擊。因此，台灣需要擴大其對空域的控制能力，減緩中國的入侵，並讓美國及其盟國有足夠的時間進行干預。 

 

美國可以如何幫助台灣： 

  • 美國可以如何幫助台灣。
  • 鼓勵其盟友向台灣出售舊設備，以提高防空覆蓋率。 
  • 協助台灣發展自主飛彈防禦系統，提升台灣高端作戰能力。
  • 美國可以幫助台灣建立一個綜合跟踪和火控系統，將防空網絡連接起來，以提高其有效性。 

 

Summary: 

Defense experts agreed that the asymmetric defense strategy employed by Ukraine successfully obstructed Russia's advances, and Taiwan could use a similar strategy to deter Chinese invasion, particularly air defense.  

 

The success of Ukraine Air-Defense

  • Ukraine stopped Russia’s air superiority at a low cost, disrupted its war plan, and exhausted its ammunition, equipment, and infantries at a low cost. 
  • Although Ukraine's air defense system was outdated, limited in number, and must rely on Western Man-portable Air-defense systems (e.g.: Stinger missiles) to hamper Russia's air strikes and support, it managed to buy enough time for a coordinated Western response to sanction Russia and support Ukraine. 

What Taiwan can learn 

  • PLA's air and rocket forces have a different doctrine from Russia, focusing on controlling air space and bombardment strategies. Despite Taiwan being geographically disadvantaged, it can modify Ukraine's modus operandi according to its geography and enemy characteristics, meaning Taiwan needs a more resilient and geographically dispersed air defense network.
  • Taiwan currently has US Patriot and indigenous Sky Bow anti-air systems, but some were inferior and Chinese-compromised.
  • China outnumbers Taiwan in fighter jets and missiles, depriving Taiwan's air superiority, and can easily follow up with amphibious assault. Therefore, Taiwan needs to expand its air defense ability to control the airspace, slowing the Chinese invasion and allowing the US and its allies enough time to intervene.

How the US can help Taiwan

  • Transfer more Patriot missile systems to Taiwan. 
  • Encourage its allies to sell older equipment to Taiwan to enable higher air defense coverage.  
  • Assist Taiwan in developing an indigenous missile defense system to improve Taiwan's high-end combat capacity. 
  • The US can help Taiwan create an integrated tracking and fire control system, linking air defense networks to increase its effectiveness. 
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