作者/Author(s): Carmelia Scott-Skillern and Peter Singer 

網站來源/Source: War on the Rocks 

日期/Date: 04/29/2024 

關鍵字/Keywords: 後勤、軍事 

摘要：

後勤是有效分配資源、運輸部隊物資以及適應戰場變化的能力，這些都對戰爭的勝負有決定性作用。當美國國防專家忙於討論和規劃太平洋地區的軍事競爭或衝突時，他們卻忽略了後勤問題。

  • 陸軍的角色對美國聯合作戰至關重要，他們必須佔領和保衛陸地基礎設施，擴大陸地兵力投送，支援其他部隊的後勤工作。
  • 後勤挑戰： 
  1. 地理：美國在印太平洋地區的前沿基地只能從美國西海岸海空路抵達。而太平洋某些區域則只剩不適當或早已過時的基礎設施，無法建立和維護後勤能力。美國目前的後勤規劃主要集中於陸地行動，需要部署新的綜合後勤計畫、升級運輸以及加強與太平洋地區合作夥伴協調。 
  2. 兵家必爭之地： 中國深知後勤的重要性，它們可能會率先攻擊美國的後勤體系。因此，美國應建立彈性且多樣化的供應鏈，改善與國防合作夥伴的後勤規劃，預先儲備關鍵戰時物資，最大限度減少後勤中斷。
  3. 過時裝備： 雖然美國陸軍的採購和現代化工作取得了積極成果，但在維護老舊系統或新舊系統集成方面仍存在問題，這可能會導致庫存管理、零件供應和供應鏈管理等後勤流程變得更複雜。除了現代化工作外，美國陸軍也應把重點放在裝備維護、供應鏈管理、綜合培訓計劃以及建立預測性後勤模型上。 
Summary: 
Logistics, the capability to effectively allocate resources, transport troops and supplies, and adapt to battlefield changes, is decisive in a war's outcome. While US defense experts are busy talking and planning for military competition or conflict in the Pacific, they overlook logistics in their discussion.  
  • The Army's role is critical to the US Joint Operations because they must capture and defend land infrastructure, extend land force projection, and support other branches' logistics. However, the Army's equipment and doctrine are not suitable to address current challenges in the Indo-Pacific. 
  • Logistical challenges: 
  1. Geography: US forward bases in the Indo-Pacific can only be reached by flight or sea from the US west coast. Some places in the Pacific lack suitable or outdated infrastructure to establish and maintain logistical capabilities. The US's current logistical planning was focused on land operations, thereby requiring new comprehensive logistics planning, upgraded transportation, and coordination with partners in the Pacific. 
  2. Contested logistics: China understands the importance of logistics and can attack the US logistics networks easily. Therefore, the US should create resilient and diversified supply chains, improve logistical planning with defense partners, and preposition stocks of critical wartime materials to minimize logistical disruptions.  
  3. Outdated equipment: Although the Army's acquisition and modernization efforts produced positive results, there are still problems in maintaining legacy systems or integrating new systems with older ones. Therefore, it may complicate the logistics process such as inventory management, spare parts availability, and supply chain management. Apart from modernization efforts, the US Army should focus on equipment sustainment, supply chain management, introduce comprehensive training programs, and create a predictive logistics model. 
 
 
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