作者/Author(s): Elaine Dezenski and David Rader 

網站來源/Source: Foreign Policy 

日期/Date: September 20, 2023 

關鍵字/Keywords: Ports, Espionage, Intelligence

摘要：

中國對港口和海上通道資訊的控制，對國際經濟來說可能是一種「監視器」和「咽喉之地」。 因此，西方應在中國主導全球海運之前採取行動。華盛頓可以逐步評估其供應鏈的關鍵漏洞，並加以紓解，保護自身商業和軍事利益。美國應與其盟國合作，確保中國不會將航運數據武器化，並正確認識航運業的安全風險，削弱中國利用其物流網路進行間諜活動的企圖。 

美國能做甚麼： 

  • 全面審查中國對港口和相關貿易基礎設施的影響，制定對策。 
  • 擴大並加強自身與私營部門在關鍵供應鏈上的合作。若有自願提供準確貿易數據之企業，美國應給予優惠待遇，以便美國了解供應鏈的漏洞。 
  • 美國國會應制定新措施，制裁或撤銷安裝在美國港口的關鍵中國技術產品，並要求其盟友做同樣的事。美國政府應資助願意遵守的公司和合作夥伴。 
鑑於一帶一路倡議的影響力正在衰退，美國可以帶頭加強和保護關鍵的海運基礎設施。雖然美國必須瞭解和緩解中國主導海運和物流的風險，但不應放棄與中國進行海上貿易所帶來的經濟利益。
 
Summary：
China's control over ports and sea lanes information can be a panopticon and chokepoint on the international economy. Therefore, the West should act before China dominates the global maritime flow. Washington could start assessing critical supply chain vulnerabilities and mitigate them to protect its commercial and military interests. The US should cooperate with its allies to ensure China is not weaponizing the shipping data, recognize the shipping industry's security risks, and weaken China's attempt to use its logistic networks for espionage activities. 

What can the US do: 
  • Conduct a comprehensive review of China's influence on ports and relevant trade infrastructure and devise counterstrategies. 
  • Expand and enhance cooperation with the private sector on key supply chains. The US can give preferential treatment to companies that voluntarily provide accurate trade data for the US to understand the supply chain vulnerabilities. 
  • The US Congress should devise new measures to sanction or remove critical Chinese technology products installed in US ports and request its allies to do the same. The US government should subsidize companies and partners who are willing to comply. 
The US can take the lead in strengthening and protecting critical maritime infrastructure, given the influence of BRI is waning. While the US must understand and mitigate the risks of the Chinese attempt to dominate maritime shipping and logistics, it should not ditch the economic benefits of sea trade with China. 
 
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