作者/Author(s): Raja Krishnamoorthi 

網站來源/Source: Foreign Affairs 

日期/Date: 11/28/2025 

關鍵字/Keywords: 國際政治、川普、美國 


摘要：
川普明年將再度在中國與習近平會面，他可能再次為了微小的收穫而讓利給北京。若川普真心為推進美國利益著想，應在下次會晤時向習近平明確劃定紅線，並要求習近平遵守美國訴求，作為達成持久協議的基礎。鑑於北京無意改變現有的行為模式，川普政府必須重新投資國內實力，以提升長期競爭優勢。 
  • 美國必須擴大在嚴重依賴中國領域（如關鍵礦物）的生產能力。這需要美國投資本土及盟國企業以提升關鍵礦物產能，或尋求替代稀土的解決方案。美國及其盟國還需透過關稅手段對抗中國在其他經濟領域的壟斷地位，並將關稅收入投資本土經濟建設。 
  • 除了投資企業之外，川普政府還必須投資在地人才，透過政府資助來培訓美國勞工，特別是那些遭解雇的勞工，推動勞動保障法規，並增加對STEM教育的投資。美國亦可改革移民制度，以吸引並留住頂尖人才，這些行動可以確保美國維持技術領導地位，不讓中國有機可趁。 
  • 美國的優勢源於其與理念相近經濟體的緊密凝聚力，這賦予美國非凡的不對稱優勢。然而，川普卻對盟友揮刀，把他們當作跟中國一樣的經濟競爭者。失去盟友支持的華盛頓無法單獨面對北京。因此，美國必須撤回對夥伴的攻擊，與他們合作以鞏固安全且有韌性的供應鏈。 
  • 美國必須捍衛並提升其自由價值，阻止投資流入涉嫌侵犯人權或助長中國軍事擴張的中國企業。 
 
Summary: 
As Trump will meet Xi again next year in China, he may again surrender more concessions to Beijing in exchange for little. If Trump is serious about advancing the US’s interests, he should clarify his redline to Xi in their next meeting and request Xi to adhere to the US’s demands as the basis for a lasting deal. However, as Beijing will be unwilling to alter its behavior, the Trump administration must reinvest in domestic capabilities to increase its strengths to outcompete China in the long term. 
  • The US must expand its production capacities in sectors which depended on China heavily, such as critical minerals. It would require the US to invest in local and allies firms to boost critical minerals production or bypass the need for rare earths. The US and its allies must also counter China’s monopoly on other economic sectors with tariffs and use the tariff revenues to invest in its local economy. 
  • Apart from investing in its businesses, the Trump administration must also invest in local talents too. It would necessitate government funded programs to train American workers, especially those laid-off ones, promote labor protection legislation, and increase investments in STEM education. The US could also reform its immigration system to attract and keep the best talents in the US. These efforts would ensure the US retain its technological leadership and not giving China the opportunity to overthrow it. 
  • The US’s strengths come from its strong cohesion with like-minded economies., giving it an exceptional asymmetric advantage. However, Trump had drawn the sword against its allies, treating them as economic competitors like China. Washington could not face Beijing without support from its allies. Therefore, it must rescind its attacks on partners and work with them to bolster a secure and resilient supply chain. 
  • The US must defend and upgrade its liberal values and block investment from falling into Chinese companies suspected of human rights violations or facilitating the Chinese’s military expansion. 
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