作者/Author(s): Simon Vaughn 

網站來源/Source: Foreign Policy Research Institute 

日期/Date: 09/10/2025 

關鍵字/Keywords: 科技、中國、AI 


摘要：
現今全球都在關注中國最新的 AI 基礎模型，或管制高階 AI 晶片帶來的影響。但是專家更應深入探討中國「雙軌並行」策略，一方面發展頂尖模型，一方面推動 AI 與晶片技術普及，這對中國在長期的人工智慧競賽中至關重要。 
  • 地方政府推出「算力券」，幫助企業支付訓練或運行新 AI 模型的成本。算力券降低了中小型 AI 企業的門檻，推動頂尖技術的突破，但無法支撐訓練大型或通用基礎模型，這部分仍由國家級企業主導。
  • 部分省級政府還發放「模型券」，積極補貼企業購買現成 AI 模型服務，或降低已在「國家互聯網信息辦公室」（CAC)註冊的 AI 公司的授權價格，這讓中小企業在沒有內部 AI 團隊或大筆預算的情況下，也能嘗試 AI 技術，促進人工智慧在整個經濟體系中普及。 
  • 地方政府也開出住房補貼、租金減免等誘因來吸引 AI 人才，積極響應北京的重點政策。 
  • 中國教育部於2025年春季推出全新人工智慧課程，並將新興科技引進教室。許多大學也獲得教育部資金支持，開設 AI 相關學位。透過將 AI 納入教育，一邊培養人才，一邊推動 A日常生活的融合。 
  • 北京的全方位策略著重於推動技術擴散，而非僅追求頂尖模型的突破。這與中國長期以來的政策模式一致──先制定國家優先事項，再透過補貼與彈性激起地方政府彼此競爭。此舉有助於培育地方領軍企業，加速新技術的普及應用。 
 
Summary: 
The world mainly focused on China's latest AI foundation models or the implications of high-end AI chip restrictions. However, experts should delve into China's dual-track approach, which integrates frontier model development and the proliferation of AI technology, essential for China in the long-term AI race. 
  • Local governments issued computing power vouchers, which help companies to cover the costs of training or running new AI models. These vouchers benefit smaller AI companies by reducing the entry barrier and promoting breakthroughs in frontier technologies. However, they cannot compensate for the training of large-scale, general-purpose foundation models, which national champions specialize in. 
  • Some provincial governments also issue model vouchers. Unlike computing vouchers, these vouchers subsidize companies for purchasing pre-built AI model services or reduce the licensing prices of these models from AI companies registered with the Cyberspace Administration of China. These vouchers enable small and medium-sized companies to experiment with AI without requiring an in-house AI team or large budgets, thereby promoting the diffusion of AI capabilities across the economy. 
  • Local governments offered incentives, such as housing subsidies and rent reductions, to attract AI talent, which aligns with Beijing's priorities.  
  • The Chinese Ministry of Education launched a new AI curriculum in Spring 2025 and equipped classrooms with innovative technologies. Many universities also receive funding from the ministry to offer degrees related to AI. By incorporating AI into education, China is not only fostering talent but also enabling the integration of AI into daily life. 
  • Beijing's all-around approach is aimed at promoting technological diffusion rather than achieving breakthroughs in frontier models. This approach is consistent with Beijing's long-used policymaking formula: setting national priority, then building local capacities to compete with one another through subsidies and implementation flexibility. It helped to create local champions and hasten the adoption of the latest technologies. 
 
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