作者/Author(s): Mackenzie Eaglen 

網站來源/Source: American Enterprise Institute 

日期/Date: 08/18/2025 

關鍵字/Keywords: 經濟、灰色地帶、美軍 


摘要：
隨著灰色地帶衝突日益頻繁，五角大廈應考慮如何預防戰爭發生。
  •  「灰色地帶」介於和平與戰爭狀態間。敵對行為者可進行強制性或顛覆性的灰色地帶活動，在損害他國利益的同時不受國際規範約束。灰色地帶侵略者常常運用非軍事手段破壞他國利益，同時避免直接軍事衝突。
  • 美國國會長期關注灰色地帶行動，尤其是 2016 年以後中國頻頻針對國家與私人行為者進行經濟脅迫。為應對中國灰色地帶活動，美國行政部門及其緊密盟友夥伴必須建立全面合作機制。因此，美國國防政策必須進行改革與調整。 
  • 參議院提議在五角大樓下設立「經濟防衛單位」，協調並整合經濟競爭活動，並研擬美國在灰色地帶競爭的工具手段。此提案包括加強美國在經濟領域內及經由經濟實力展現的軍事優勢，並增加軍方在經濟競爭運作中的參與程度。 
  • 由中國、俄羅斯、伊朗與北韓組成的「專制軸心」正在彼此協助，涵蓋技術合作、產業生產、軍事裝備共享及規避制裁，美國及其盟友必須加快經濟領域的行動並採取更積極的措施。 
  • 五角大廈的「經濟防衛單位」必須鎖定關鍵利益相關者並納入經濟戰兵推，評估美國可用於加強軍事能力的工具，並制定新型經濟戰略。
  • 此外，「經濟防衛單位」也應資助能提升美國經濟實力的計畫，以加強美國嚇阻與作戰能力，並與「戰略資本辦公室」（Office of Strategic Capital）合作，解決作戰人員認為的缺口，彌補軍工基礎的不足，鎖定關鍵投資機會，並推動有利的創新。 
 
Summary: 
As gray zone conflicts become more frequent, the Pentagon should consider preventing wars in this area. 
  • "Gray zone" lies between the states of peace and war. Hostile actors could conduct gray zone coercive or subversive activities at the expense of others without being constrained by international norms. Gray zone aggressors utilize non-military means to undermine another state's interests while avoiding a direct military clash. 
  • The Congress has long been concerned about gray zone activities, particularly Chinese economic coercion against both state and private actors since 2016. A comprehensive cooperation with the US executive branch and its close allies and partners is crucial in countering and responding to China's gray zone activities. Therefore, it necessitates reforms and changes in the US defense policy. 
  • The Senate proposed an "Economic Defense Unit" under the Pentagon that could coordinate and harmonize economic competition activities and develop toolkits for the US to compete in the gray zone. The proposal includes provisions to reinforce the US military advantage in and through the economic domain, as well as increase the military's involvement in the workings of economic competition. 
  • As the Axis of Autocracies, comprising China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea, is assisting one another in technology cooperation, industrial production, military equipment sharing, and sanctions busting, the US and its allies must act faster and do more in the economic domain. 
  • The Pentagon's Economic Defense Unit must identify key stakeholders and involve them in economic wargaming exercises, evaluate the instruments the US could utilize to enhance its military capabilities, and develop new economic warfare doctrines. 
  • The Economic Defense Unit should also fund projects to enhance the US's economic competitiveness for deterrence and warfare, and work with the Office of Strategic Capital to address gaps identified by combatants, mend military industrial base shortcomings, pinpoint critical investment opportunities, and implement beneficial innovations. 
 
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