作者/Author(s): Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan 

網站來源/Source: Foreign Affairs 

日期/Date: 08/25/2025 

關鍵字/Keywords: 科技、網路政策、普丁


網路不安全 
  • 俄羅斯在後蘇聯時期擁有強大的技術教育體系與大量軍事工業專家，成功推動了俄羅斯網路安全公司成長。 
  • 這些公司在過去二十年間專注於推廣產品，供私人企業及政府使用。然而，自 2014 年俄羅斯併吞克里米亞與 2016 年干預美國總統大選後，美國與歐洲開始警戒俄羅斯情報部門的網路戰行動。因此，美歐開始刁難俄羅斯網路安全公司，並以存在網路間諜風險為由，禁止政府電腦使用俄製防毒軟體。 
  • 自此之後，克里姆林宮開始協助俄羅斯網路公司開拓美歐以外的市場。2024 年 4 月的會議便是向全球各國安全機構推廣俄羅斯頂尖網路安全公司提供的基礎設施服務。 
  • 由於他們的產品需要全面存取檔案及要防禦的系統，因此可能會讓俄羅斯網路公司極少見地擁有客戶國資訊系統的存取權。 
  • 然而，各國政府必須堤防克里姆林宮的企圖心： 
  1. 俄羅斯不少精英技術大學與軍方及總參謀部情報總局(格魯烏)淵源深厚，為這些網路公司培養工程師與電腦科學家。 
  2. 美國懷疑這些網路公司的高階主管與俄羅斯安全局有聯繫。
  3. 克里姆林宮要求這些公司效忠，並監禁拒絕配合者。 
莫斯科的新市場 
  • 拜登政府與其盟友稱不少俄羅斯頂尖網路公司涉入俄國政府相關行動，並將其列入觀察名單。然而，這些公司否認指控，有些甚至選擇將國際業務與俄國本部切割。 
  • 然而，自 2024 年 4 月會議後，許多國家與區域組織對俄羅斯網路公司的服務很有興趣，並與之簽署合作協議，以發展本土網路安全能力並提升網路韌性。 
 
Cyberinsecurity 
  • Russia's post-Soviet robust technical education system and abundance of military-industrial experts drove the growth of Russian cybersecurity firms. 
  • These firms focused on promoting their products for both private and governmental use over the course of two decades. However, since the 2014 annexation of Crimea and the 2016 Russian interference in the US presidential election, the US and Europe have been wary about the Russian intelligence's cyberwarfare campaigns. Consequently, the US and Europe make it difficult for Russian cybersecurity companies to do business and ban the use of Russian antivirus software on government computers, citing potential cyberespionage risks. 
  • Since then, the Kremlin has assisted Russian cyber-companies in exploring markets outside the US and Europe. The April 2024 meeting aims to promote cybersecurity infrastructure provided by top Russian cyber companies to security agencies worldwide.
  • Since their products require comprehensive access to files and the system they are defending, it may grant Russian cyber-companies a rare level of access to the client country's information system. 
  • However, governments must be wary of the Kremlin's intentions: 
  1. Russian elite technical universities with ties to the military and the KGB trained engineers and computer scientists for these cyber companies. 
  2. The US suspected senior executives in these cyber companies had links to Russian security services. 
  3. The Kremlin had mandated loyalty from these cybersecurity companies and imprisoned those who refused to comply. 
Moscow's New Market 
  • The Biden administration and its allies had placed the Russian top cyber companies on a watch list for their involvement with the Russian government. However, these companies denied the charges, and some opted to sever their international businesses from their Russian base.
  • However, since the April 2024 meeting, many countries and regional organizations have found the services provided by Russian cyber companies appealing and have signed partnerships with them to develop their own indigenous cybersecurity capabilities and enhance cyber resilience. 
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