作者/Author(s): Mackenzie Eaglen 

網站來源/Source: 19FortyFive 

日期/Date: 06/04/2025 

關鍵字/Keywords: 軍事、中國、美國 


摘要：
解放軍的快速現代化和擴張令美國政府和軍方感到震驚。因此，在最近的香格里拉對話中，美國國防部長誓言將重振美國在第一與第二島鏈的防衛部署，以嚇阻中國。
  •  中國的軍事擴張主要透過更頻繁地使用武力來實現特定目標。 
  • 美國國防政策規劃部門十分擔憂中國軍事能力進步、印太地區嚇阻力量減弱，以及中國在造船業的主導地位。此外，美國軍方也承認，中國的空天力量已對美國空中優勢構成威脅。 
  • 美國國防預算的一大問題是增幅持續縮減，而中國則每年穩定增加軍費。此外，全球戰略仍是美國的焦點，因此美國國防預算需分散至全球各地；相較之下，中國專注於區域戰略。 
  • 中國能比美國更快地實現軍事現代化。'當美國將大量預算用於維持與升級老舊平台時，中國已經不斷測試新的、先進的多領域能力，這些能力可能威脅美國的通訊系統、關鍵基礎設施及本土安全。此外，美國對中國的網路威脅已有充分了解，但美國是否已彌補其自身的漏洞，仍是未解之謎。 
  • 美國最強大的對手正大量且聰明地投入資源以提升起硬實力。因此，美國亟需快速重建軍事力量。雖然目前美國國防投資不足以趕上中國的數量優勢，但這些投資對於恢復印太地區的嚇阻能力並防止下一場戰爭仍至關重要。 
 
Summary: 
The PLA's rapid modernization and expansion alarmed U.S. policymakers and military leaders. Consequently, in the most recent Shangri-La dialogue, the U.S. Secretary of Defense vowed to reinvigorate the U.S. defense posture around the first and second island chains to deter China. 
  • China's military expansion was accompanied by increased use of force to attain specific objectives. 
  • The lag against Chinese military capabilities, a weakened deterrence in the Indo-Pacific, and Chinese dominance in the shipbuilding industry worried the U.S. defense planners. Furthermore, U.S. military leaders acknowledged the dangers of Chinese air and space power to U.S. air superiority. 
  • One problem with the U.S. defense budget is its shrinking growth, while China increases its defense spending annually. Furthermore, the U.S. spread its defense budget worldwide as it has a global focus, while China only had a regional focus. 
  • China could field modern capabilities at a faster pace than the U.S. While the U.S. spent its budget on maintaining and upgrading obsolete platforms, China constantly tested new and advanced multi-domain capabilities, which could threaten U.S. communications, critical infrastructure, and homeland. Furthermore, the U.S. knew about China's cyber threats, but whether the U.S. has mended its vulnerabilities is unknown. 
  • The U.S.'s closest adversary is spending heavily and wisely to enhance its hard power. Therefore, it is necessary to rebuild its military power fast. Although current defense investments are insufficient to catch up with China's sheer number, they are crucial to restore deterrence in the Indo-Pacific and prevent the next war. 
回上層