作者/Author(s): Erik Green and Meia Nouwens 

網站來源/Source: International Institute for Strategic Studies 

日期/Date: 04/17/2025 

關鍵字/Keywords: 軍事、中國、外交 


摘要：
中國正積極推動一個以「全球南方國家」為核心的新型國際秩序。在川普發動全球關稅戰、削減對發展中國家的援助之際，北京看到了機會，擴大散布「美國衰退論」，吸引更多國家加入中國主導的替代性秩序，取代美國的全球領導地位。早在2017年，中國便啟動全球領導計畫，更在2023年加快腳步，積極與各國元首與部長級官員進行雙邊或多邊會晤，鞏固外交關係。 
  • 習近平所構想的全球秩序強調《聯合國憲章》精神，堅持不干涉他國政府內政的原則，確保所有國家在國際組織中享有平等權利，並推動國際關係民主化。習近平透過現有多邊組織推廣這個理念，並創建符合中國利益和價值觀、以中國為中心的組織。 
  • 自2023年以來，中國藉由各種雙邊與多邊高層峰會，系統性地推動「替代性國際秩序」，並藉此鞏固習近平作為全球領袖與中國外交路線實踐者的地位。雖然習近平出訪外國的次數並未顯著提升，但外國使者訪華的次數大增，其中又以全球南方國家為大宗。 
  • 中國中央軍委會與國防部官員與外國軍事領導人會晤的頻率大增，雖然大多在中國碰面，但會面對象已逐漸擴展到全球南方國家，這顯示中共軍方在構建與全球南方國家雙邊軍事關係上扮演重要角色。 
  • 習近平在海外的高層會晤中，特別強調多邊主義與改革國際秩序的重要性，積極塑造中國作為「中立與團結」的力量，以及全球南方代言者的國際形象。 
 
Summary: 
China seeks to build a new international order with Global South countries as primary members. With Trump waging a global tariff war and slashing foreign aid to developing countries, China may see an opportunity to spread the narrative of a declining U.S., appeal to more countries to join its alternative order, and displace the U.S. global leadership. Beijing started its global leadership project in 2017 and ramped up its efforts to foster stronger ties with head-of-state and ministerial-level meetings with other countries since 2023. 
  • Xi Jinping envisioned a global order that supports the UN Charter, upholds non-interference principles in other governments' domestic affairs, ensures all states have equal rights in international organizations, and democratizes international relations. Xi promoted this vision in existing multilateral institutions and created China-centric organizations coherent with China's interests and values.
  • Since 2023, China has promoted its alternative order through leaders' summits at bilateral and multilateral levels, aiming to consolidate Xi's position as a world leader and chief practitioner of China's foreign policy. Although the number of Xi's overseas trips did not increase much, there is a drastic increase in the number of foreign visits to China, especially from Global South countries. 
  • The CCP Central Military Commission (CMC) and Ministry of National Defense (MND) officials met their foreign peers more recently, despite the meetings being held in China. Most of these meetings are with Asian countries, but there is an increasing trend with Global South countries outside Asia. This indicates the significance of the CMC and MND in forming bilateral military relations with Global South countries. 
  • Xi actively promoted his visions in meetings abroad, especially upholding multilateralism and reforming the international order. He also aims to cement developing countries' perceptions of China as a neutral and unifying power and a champion of the Global South. 
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