作者/Author(s): Mackenzie Eaglen 

網站來源/Source: 19FortyFive 

日期/Date: 04/09/ 2025 

關鍵字/Keywords: 軍事、俄羅斯、中國、美國

摘要：

美國軍方高層對俄羅斯與中國的軍事生產能力感到震驚。 

  • 俄羅斯去年損失了超過 25,000 輛汽車和武器系統，但他們正逐步補充與替換耗損。 
  • 俄羅斯新建製造基地，將商業生產線轉為軍事用途，有效擴展軍事生產能力。此外，克里姆林宮計畫將國防開支提高 25%，達到GDP的 6%。 
  • 俄烏戰爭也加速了俄羅斯的軍事現代化，其中又以電子戰領域進步飛速。 
  • 此外，俄羅斯當前彈藥產量可能是美國與歐洲總和的三倍以上，同時美國自身的彈藥庫存正快速減少，卻未得到充足的補給。 
  • 中國擁有世界上最大的海軍、陸軍、空軍和火箭軍部隊，早已成為美國另一個頭痛的問題。中國的軍事擴張歸功於強大的軍民兩用產業策略，以及逐年穩定成長的國防預算。 
  • 近年來，伊朗與俄羅斯也積極提升軍事能力，以擴大區域影響力，並為盟友提供軍事支援。 
  • 相較之下，美國的國防支出已經縮減至冷戰結束以來的最低點。  
  1. 雖然五角大樓試圖重振國防工業基礎，但這項工作才剛起步，需要更多時間才能發揮效果。
  2. 美國國會也試圖推動預算協調法案，以振興國防工業。 
  3. 美國國防部長也開始調整並取消某些國防計畫，以重新調配預算，支援國防工業。 

  4.  雖然重振美國國防產業需要很長的時間，但至少目前美國的行政與立法部門皆同意，美國軍事能力與現代化發展亟待投資。 
     

Summary: 
The U.S. military leaders are alarmed by the military production capabilities of Russia and China. 
  • Although Russia lost more than 25,000 vehicles and weapon systems last year, it is on track to replace them.  
  • Russia expanded its military production industry by opening new manufacturing bases and converting commercial production lines for military use. The Kremlin is also willing to increase its defense spending by 25 percent, which accounts for 6 percent of its GDP. 
  • The war in Ukraine also catalyzed Russia's military modernization, especially in its electronic warfare. 
  • Furthermore, Russia's current munition production capacity may accumulate three times more than the U.S. and Europe combined. This situation is worrying because the U.S. stocks are depleting fast without insufficient restocking. 
  • China presents another headache to the U.S. as it has the largest navy, army, air force, and strategic rocket force. China's military expansion could be credited to its robust civil-military industry strategy and year-on-year budgetary growth. 
  • Iran and Russia also drastically increased their military capabilities for regional power projection and support their partners. 
  • In contrast, U.S. defense spending shrunk to the lowest point since the end of the Cold War.  
  1. Although the Pentagon promised to reinvigorate the defense industry base, the effort is only beginning and will take years to have effect.  
  2. Congress also attempts to push for a budget reconciliation bill to boost the defense industry. 
  3. The U.S. Defense Secretary is also scrapping defense plans to reprioritize the budget for the defense industry. 
  4. Although reinvigorating the U.S. defense industry will take time, at least the legislative and executive branches agree on investing in the U.S. military capabilities and modernization. 
 
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