作者/Author(s): William Matthews
網站來源/Source: The Interpreter
日期/Date: 05/13/2025
關鍵字/Keywords: 國際秩序、安全
摘要：
中國的「全球安全倡議」建構了一個以中國為主導的國際安全秩序，強調多邊主義與共同安全。然而，對於中國在傳統安全方面的願景，其他國家必須保持警惕。
- 習近平於2022年首次提出「全球安全倡議」，內容包括六項共通且全面的安全原則：尊重國家主權、遵守《聯合國憲章》、透過對話解決爭端、重視所有國家的安全議題、兼顧傳統與非傳統安全領域。
- 中國近期公開全球安全倡議三週年紀念影片，展示其與全球的多邊安全合作，並著重強調與德國、俄羅斯與法國的雙邊關係，而美國的缺席格外引人注目。
- 川普2.0上任後，多項政策陸續引發國際紛亂，中國在此時試圖將自己塑造成一個負責任的大國，這一說法可以吸引到某些發展中國家，因為中國已經證明它能為這些國家的國內安全和人類安全做出貢獻。
- 然而，「全球安全倡議」中關於「國內與人類安全」的構想，與中國自身「總體國家安全觀」高度類似。雖然這不代表中國正在輸出其政治制度，但它可能會透過「全球安全倡議」將其安全觀擴展至全球，傳播自身的安全論述。
- 此外，「全球安全倡議」的部分主張彼此矛盾，因此常被作為中國合法化其安全利益的論述工具。
- 例如中國聲稱要以協商與主權為基礎來化解衝突，卻在俄烏戰爭中持續加深與俄羅斯的合作，也未支持基輔與莫斯科之間進行實質對話。
- 這種矛盾在中國與其他國家在南海的緊張關係中越發明顯。「全球安全倡議」在實踐層面似乎隱含某些國家的安全利益比其他國家更「正當」的前提。
- 雖然「全球安全倡議」在處理非傳統安全問題（如發展、安全合作）方面具有一定潛力，但它在解決國際衝突方面仍顯不足。發展中國家或許會被「全球安全倡議」所吸引，但仍須審慎應對，避免讓「全球安全倡議」成為中國推進其「正當」安全利益的工具，甚至犧牲其他國家的主權與利益。
Summary:
China's Global Security Initiative (GSI) envisions an international security order with China as the main responsible power committed to multilateralism and common security. However, other concerns must be wary of China's vision regarding traditional security.
- Xi first introduced GSI in 2022 with six common and comprehensive security principles: national sovereignty, adherence to the UN charter, dispute resolution through dialogue, acknowledgment of the security concerns of all countries, and commitment to traditional and non-traditional security domains.
- China recently released a video marking the third anniversary of GSI and its multilateral engagements with the world. The video also emphasized bilateral ties with Germany, Russia, and France, with the U.S. remarkably absent.
- China may find audiences for presenting itself as a responsible power amid the chaos created by the current Trump administration, especially among developing countries where China has proven it could contribute to domestic and human security in these countries.
- Nevertheless, the GSI's domestic and human security vision closely resembles China's Comprehensive National Security. Although this does not mean China is exporting its political system, it may seek to spread its narrative of security globally through GSI initiatives.
- Furthermore, GSI's visions are sometimes contradictory and often serve as a discourse for China to legitimize its security interests.
- China hoped to resolve conflicts through negotiation and upholding the principles of sovereignty. However, China had continued to assist and deepen relations with Russia without supporting meaningful dialogue between Kyiv and Moscow.
- The contradiction is more evident in China's tension with other countries in the South China Sea. The broader interpretation of GSI is that some countries' security interests are more legitimate than others.
- While GSI has real potential in addressing non-security issues, it is still far off in resolving international conflicts. GSI may be attractive to developing countries, but they must be careful not to allow GSI become a tool for China to advance its "legitimate" security interest that undermined other's sovereignty.