作者/Author(s): Jonathan Ping and Joel Odota 

網站來源/Source: War on the Rocks 

日期/Date: 10/25/2024 

關鍵字/Keywords: 一帶一路、經濟、中非關係 


摘要：
中國透過一帶一路倡議在非洲地區擁有巨大影響力。雖然中國曾承諾不會干涉非洲各國政府的治理，但該地區的政治不穩定為中國帶來政治和經濟風險，迫使中國必須做出選擇，究竟是要干預當地政治以保護自身利益，或讓中國在非洲的企業承擔風險。無論北京如何選擇，非洲領導人都必須多元化其經濟依賴管道，避免陷入中國新殖民主義的陷阱。 
  • 一帶一路倡議的重點是建設資源開採和交通基礎設施，和歐洲的殖民主義較為相似。中國越來越依賴非洲的礦產，以減少供應限制、價格波動及地緣政治風險。 
  • 中國與非洲國家的合作強調自決和不干涉政策，並不關心非洲政府治理問題，反而助長該地區的政治不穩定。 
  • 政治不穩定已經損害了中國在非洲的經濟利益和投資。因此，中國將部分援助用於該地區的安全倡議，促進政府治理。 
  • 然而，中國對非洲地區安全的關注與其不干涉政策互相矛盾，可能會捲入該地區的政治衝突，或對其形象造成負面影響。 
  • 雖然中國先前做出不干涉政策承諾，但仍邀請數千名非洲安全人員到中國培訓，並在非洲領袖中強調中共的意識形態。 
  • 中國持續介入非洲政治和安全的舉動，將破壞其長久以來的中立立場，導致不少非洲國家將中國視為類似歐洲列強一樣的非洲新殖民主義力量。此外，中國向非洲提供安全援助的行為，也跟歷史殖民者非常相似。
  • 雖然中國並沒有公開參與安全事務，但卻間接支持當地國家行動者，進行反對反華情緒或保護中國企業的舉措。 
  • 中國是否會成為非洲的新殖民主義力量仍然是一個問題。不管中國未來的走向如何，非洲領導人應該多元化其經濟夥伴關係，並改革政府治理，而非單純依賴中國。 
Summary: 
China has a considerable presence in the African region through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Although China pledged not to intervene in the governance of African governments, political instability in the region poses political and economic risks to China, compelling China to choose between intervention to protect its interests or let its firms take their risks. Regardless of Beijing's choice, African leaders must diversify their economic ties to avoid falling into the Chinese neocolonialism trap. 
  • The BRI focuses on infrastructure development in the resource extraction and transportation sector, akin to European colonialism. China increasingly relied on African minerals to reduce supply constraints, volatile prices, and geopolitical entanglements. 
  • China's engagement with African countries emphasized self-determination and non-interference, but it is disinterested in good governance, catalyzing political instability across the region. 
  • Political stability already harmed China's economic interests and investments in Africa. Therefore, China allocated some aid for security initiatives in the region to promote good governance.  
  • Yet, China's increased attention to security contradicts its non-interference policy and may embroil itself in political conflicts in the region or negatively influence its image. 
  • Despite pledges of non-interference, China invited thousands of African security personnel to train in China and reinforced CCP's ideology among African leaders.  
  • China's increasing involvement in African politics and security will undermine its longstanding neutral stance and make other countries perceive China as a neocolonial power in Africa, like the departed European powers. Further, China's provision of security to Africa is also similar to the historical attribute of colonizers. 
  • Despite the absence of open participation in security, China indirectly supports local state actors' initiatives in countering anti-Chinese sentiments or protecting Chinese businesses. 
  • Whether or not China will be a neocolonial power in Africa is still a question. Regardless of China's future trajectory, African leaders should diversify their economic partnerships and reform their governance rather than relying solely on China. 
 
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