作者/Author(s): Maximillan Hess 

網站來源/Source: Foreign Policy 

日期/Date: 07/16/024 

關鍵字/Keywords: 制裁、經濟 


摘要：

西方對俄羅斯的制裁在歐洲引發了意想不到的後果。西方凍結俄羅斯的資產，用作賠償與資助烏克蘭的基金。然而，這一行動引發了俄羅斯公司不滿與法律訴訟，影響了制裁的效率。 

  • 經濟戰爭的最終目標是通過法律手段對抗敵方的利益，同時保護國內受影響方的利益。然而，在目前對俄羅斯的經濟戰中並沒有這塊拼圖，俄羅斯正在利用「以規則為基礎的國際秩序」的工具為自己謀利。另一方面，西方投資者與烏克蘭卻不受保護，面臨訴訟後果。 
  • 七國集團決定轉移沒收的俄羅斯資產以援助烏克蘭，卻遭到反對，認為這將違反國際法，俄羅斯將起訴歐洲金融公司。 
  • 持有大量俄羅斯資產的比利時金融公司 Euroclear 已在俄羅斯法院面臨法律訴訟。俄羅斯甚至在國內訴訟中使用蘇聯時代的條約以獲取法律優勢，並持續使用類似邏輯來對付西方機構。制裁也禁止 Euroclear 從俄羅斯或白俄羅斯收取款項或拖欠的債券。 
  • 西方決策者竟然沒有正視風險、保護其公司，或處理俄羅斯利用西方法律工具的問題。缺失的反制措施導致西方公司行為與其政府做法不一致，甚至相互違反彼此的利益。 
  • 西方應修改其經濟戰略，保護其公司與利益，防止俄羅斯將國際法武器化，釋放更多資金給烏克蘭。 
 
Summary: 
Western sanctions on Russia generated unintentional consequences in Europe. The West froze Russian assets and planned to use them as a repatriation fund for Ukraine. However, the action gave rise to lawsuits from Russian firms, affecting the efficiency of the sanctions.  
  • The ultimate aim of an economic war is to forcefully act against the adversary's interest while protecting the interest of the affected party at home through legal instruments. Yet, this blueprint is absent in the current economic war against Russia and Russia is using the instruments of the "rules-based international order" for its benefit. On the other hand, Western investors and Ukraine are unprotected or facing the consequences of the lawsuits. 
  • G7's decision to transfer seized Russian assets to assist Ukraine was met with complaints that it would be against international law or that Russia would sue European financial companies. 
  • Euroclear, a Belgian financial firm that holds a large amount of Russian assets, already faces legal proceedings in Russian courts. Russia even used Soviet-era treaties in its domestic lawsuits to gain an advantage and will continue to use similar logic against Western institutions. The sanctions also barred Euroclear from receiving payments from Russia or Belarus or defaulting on their bonds. 
  • Therefore, it is surprising that Western policymakers did not address the risks, protect its companies, or address the issue of Russia taking advantage of Western legal instruments. The lack of countermeasures makes Western firms act inconsistent with their government's practices or against its interest. 
  • The West should revise its economic warfare playbook to protect its firms and interests, prevent Russia from weaponizing international law, and free up more funds for Ukraine. 
 
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